1.5 Accumulation of NOR in oil and gas production 13 1.6 NOR in oil and gas industry products 15 1.7 NOR oil and gas industry – liquid waste streams 16 1.8 NOR in oil and gas industry – solid waste streams 18 1.9 NOR in oil and gas industry – sludge and scrapings 19 1.10 Discharge to the environment 20 2. Health hazards of NORM 22
اقرأ أكثر
Evaluation of guidelines for exposures to technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials. ... Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, ... (NORM) in the oil & gas industry.
اقرأ أكثر
• Labor productivity rose by 12.1 percent in the oil and gas extraction industry where a significant increase in output outpaced growth in hours worked. (See chart 2.) • The mining, except oil and gas industry had a productivity decline of 3.5 percent, as the increase in hours worked was larger than a modest increase in output.
اقرأ أكثر
Health Hazards Associated with Oil and Gas Extraction Activities. Oil and gas well drilling and servicing activities involve the use and production of potentially hazardous materials. OSHA, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and industry and safety groups continue to evaluate the type and extent of chemical and ...
اقرأ أكثر
This paper, which is a further investigation on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) (Hamlat et al., 1998) describes NORM levels and the associated occupational doses in the oil and gas industry. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Sampling. The crude oil, production water and scale samples were collected from several oilfields.
اقرأ أكثر
Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt. ... Characteristics of NORM in the oil industry from eastern and western deserts of Egypt ...
اقرأ أكثر
NORM wastes associated with oil and gas operations from scale deposits, separated sludge and water at different oil fields in the eastern and western deserts were investigated. Concentrations of the uranium, thorium, and potassium ( 40 K) series have been determined from …
اقرأ أكثر
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: THE IMPORTANCE OF REPUTATIONAL RISK DAVID B. SPENCE* INTRODUCTION The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has unders-cored, once again, the magnitude of the risks assumed by those engaged in (and affected by) oil and gas development.
اقرأ أكثر
of oil-field NORM in the United States, briefly reviews the status of NORM regulations, and identifies some health and environ- mental issues associated with oil-field NORM. Location of Oil-Field NORM in the United States Deposits of oil are found in 30 States, but the vast majority (86 percent) of onshore oil production is concentrated in Texas,
اقرأ أكثر
disposal options for NORM-containing wastes, thereby increasing the related waste management costs. In view of the increasing economic burden associated with NORM, the industry and its regulators are interested in identifying cost-effective disposal alternatives that still provide adequate protection of human health and the environment.
اقرأ أكثر
Description. Improve the management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) with this single point of reference. This revised report provides guidance and general information on the management of process streams or equipment contaminated with minor concentrations of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NORs).
اقرأ أكثر
The oil and gas industry must be a key part of the climate change solution. Since the Paris Agreement was made in December 2015, IPIECA has continued to work on the topic of low-emissions pathways.
اقرأ أكثر
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) resulting from the232Th and 238U-series can be concentrated and accumulated in tubing and surface equipment in the form of scale and sludge as a consequence of physical and chemical processes associated with the oil and gas industry1,2,3,4. Radioactive wastes containing NORM are production
اقرأ أكثر
hazard of NORM in the oil & gas industry became internationally recognized, Saudi Aramco initiated a program to identify the extent, form and level of NORM contamination associated with their operations.
اقرأ أكثر
Boreholes drilled in this way include oil or gas wells, water wells, and holes drilled for geotechnical investigations or mineral exploration. The drill cuttings are commonly examined to make a record (a well log) of the subsurface materials penetrated at various depths. In the oil industry, this is …
اقرأ أكثر
While these regulations are intended to apply generally to all NORM-containing materials, several parts would apply specifically to oil and gas industry pipe scale. Many states with oil and gas production facilities are currently creating their own NORM regulations. For example, the State of Texas has NORM regulations similar to Part N regulations.
اقرأ أكثر
Gas flaring is a combustion device to burn associated, unwanted or excess gases and liquids released during normal or unplanned over-pressuring operation in many industrial processes, such as oil-gas extraction, refineries, chemical plants, coal industry and landfills. Gas flaring is a significant source of greenhouse gases emissions.
اقرأ أكثر
The State of Louisiana, Department of Environmental Quality has recently issued a notification concerning a potential health hazard associated with handling pipe used in oil and gas production that may be contaminated with radioactive scale from naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM ...
اقرأ أكثر
Oil and Gas Service Contracts around the World: A Review1 Abbas Ghandia, C.-Y. Cynthia Linb aInstitute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, 1605 Tilia Street, Suite 100, Davis, CA 95616, United States. Email: [email protected].
اقرأ أكثر
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) October 2016 . ... • When NORM is associated with the development, production or use of nuclear energy as set out in the ... (NORM) in the oil & gas industry • United States Environmental Protection Agency: Technologically-Enhanced, Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials
اقرأ أكثر
It further explains how processes associated with the recovery of oil and gas enhances NORM'S concentration and also develops Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials ...
اقرأ أكثر
papers, articles, and presentations on petroleum industry NORM. In the past few years, the rapid expansion of NORM treatment and disposal technologies, the efforts to characterize NORM wastes and their associated potential risks, and the promulgation of state-level NORM regulatory programs have been well-documented in project reports and
اقرأ أكثر
The New Mexico Oil & Gas Association (NMOGA) is a coalition of oil and natural gas companies, individuals, and stakeholders dedicated to promoting the safe and environmentally responsible development of oil and natural gas resources in New Mexico. Representing over 900 members, NMOGA works with elected officials, community leaders, industry experts, and the general public, to advocate …
اقرأ أكثر
Radioactive Waste from Oil and Gas Drilling The oil and gas industry provides three-fifths of the energy for the United States. Every time we drive in a car, turn on a light bulb, or cook on a stove we are using the fossils of plants and animals as fuel.
اقرأ أكثر
NORM is often found in its natural state in rocks or sand. It can also be associated with oil and gas production residue (such as mineral scale in pipes, sludge and contaminated equipment), coal ash (produced from burning coal for energy production) and on filter media (such as the used filters from municipal drinking water treatment equipment).
اقرأ أكثر
Radionuclides of natural origin contained in or released from process materials may pose a risk to workers, public or the environment. These radioactive elements in minerals and ores originally found in the environment are commonly known as NORM – naturally occurring radioactive material. Some NORM materials require radiation control and regulation.
اقرأ أكثر
Study of oil and gas seeps off the coast of southern California, from Point Conception in Santa Barbara County to Huntington Beach, Orange County (1972). NORM: A Study of NORM Associated with Oil and Gas Production Operations in California NORM is the acronym for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
اقرأ أكثر
NORM Types of Concern in the Oil and Gas Industry . There are many different types of radioactive materials found in nature. The oil and gas industry is concerned with the following 4 particular types of NORM, which are the daughter products of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232: • Radium-226 • Radium-228
اقرأ أكثر
NORM in the Oil/Gas Industry NORM from Cradle to Grave October2016 GeJo(TE)NORM 1 Gert Jonkers G.Jonkers5@UPCmail Independent Consultant tel+31 6 45576045
اقرأ أكثر
2020 Oil and Gas Industry Outlook Exploring oil and gas trends. Is your organization prepared for the uncertainties, risks, and opportunities ahead? ... So, attention to the coming disruptive forces associated with this century’s energy transition and sustainability imperatives is increasingly crucial alongside day-to …
اقرأ أكثر
NORM is a global issue for oil & gas industry NORM Management Strategy aids planning Prioritize tasks to enable control and optimize available resource Analyze process to identify NORM impacts NORM can be managed in the absence of International & National Regulation
اقرأ أكثر
Some processes with a recognised potential to cause significant radiation exposure occur in the oil and gas industry where naturally occurring radium and its daughters, may build up over time as scale in pipes and vessels.
اقرأ أكثر
Nov 24, 2013· North Dakota’s top oil and gas regulator says as the naturally occurring radioactive waste (NORM) associated with oil production will become an even greater issue for the Bakken as development continues. “Now is the time to really work this out,” said Lynn Helms, director of the state Department of Mineral Resources.
اقرأ أكثر
The benefits of shared knowledge, best practice, and experience across the oil and gas industry are seen as key to the establishment of common guidance. This paper outlines Saudi Aramco’s experience in the development of a NORM management strategy, and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout the oil and gas industry.
اقرأ أكثر
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon. Natural radioactive elements are present in ...
اقرأ أكثر